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Economic
Development Policy |
| AGRICULTURE
& ALLIED SERVICES |
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IRRIGATION
Harnessing
of water resources is critical to the development of agriculture. Yields
have been found to double, under irrigation, as assured availability of
water encourages greater investment in agri-inputs by farmers, shift to
high value crops, intensification of agriculture and higher employment.
Given
the total availability of water in Madhya Pradesh, both running surface
water as well as groundwater, it has been estimated that if all these
sources were tapped it would be possible for MP to have enough water to
irrigate almost 100 lakh hectares of land. This is equivalent to around
51% of total net sown area (pre Chhattisgarh split). Current levels of
net irrigated area at 32% suggest a vast scope for enhancement.
Most
of the irrigation is through wells and tube-wells, irrigating 65% of the
net irrigated area, followed by canals, which irrigate 18% of the area.
The topography of the state makes it difficult to execute large and
medium irrigation projects. The newer capacity will therefore have to be
generated through alternative means, such as, micro and minor irrigation
projects. Water harvesting & watershed development, become critical
means of soil conservation and irrigation in this context. Various
projects are already underway under the National Watershed Development
Program.
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Total Net Irrigated Area in Hectares
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Pre-Chhattisgarh
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Post-Chhattisgarh
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Canals
Total
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1782512
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27%
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964389
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18%
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Tanks
- Irri. Dept.
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149942
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2%
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113722
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2%
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Tanks
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219072
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3%
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153699
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3%
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Tube-wells
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1079276
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17%
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1003965
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19%
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Wells
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2423675
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37%
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2375266
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45%
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Other
Sources
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799158
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12%
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727091
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14%
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Total
Irrigation Area By All Source
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6303693
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100%
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5224410
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100%
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Source:
Commissioner of Land Records & Settlements, Feedback
Analysis
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The total irrigation potential created by various schemes in the state
(canal irrigation) is around 34 lakh hectares, however, only
around 20 lakh hectares worth of the potential is actually being
utilised, which is less than 60% of the potential created. There
is a strong case for fully tapping the potential created before
embarking on fresh capacity creation. The operational
inefficiencies of the irrigation system also have to be addressed.
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Irrigated Area by Crop
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Crop
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Share
of Irrigated Area %
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Share
of the Gross Cropped Area under Irrigation %
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Rice
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4%
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13%
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Wheat
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58%
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70%
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Pulses
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17%
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23%
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Oilseeds
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6%
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6%
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F&V
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3%
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82%
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Cotton
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1%
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39%
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Sugarcane
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4%
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91%
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Total
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100%
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27%
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Source:
Commissioner of Land Records & Settlements, Feedback
Analysis
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Most
of the irrigation capacity has been diverted towards food crops, wheat,
Fruits & Vegetables and sugarcane in particular.
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AGRI INFRASTRUCTURE
Agricultural
infrastructure includes:
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» |
Market
yards (Mandi)
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Storage,
Handling & Transportation
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Food/
Agro Parks
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Market
Yards
:
There are around 230 market yards or mandis spread across Madhya
Pradesh. The mandi is run by an elected body of farmers and traders
under the aegis of the Mandi Board. These provide an important meeting
place for buyers and sellers.
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With
a view to encouraging Horticulture, the Government plans upgradation of
infrastructure to handle fruits & vegetables. These would include
services such as grading, sorting, packaging & cleaning.
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The
Soyabean Oilseeds Processors Association has recently launched the S-BOT
(Soyabean Board of Trade) Exchange for future’s trading in
Soyabean.
This would go a long way in hedging against price risks for buyers &
sellers.
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Private
participation is currently not possible as the existing system does not
permit the subcontracting or delivery of services by anyone other than
the Mandi Samiti.
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Storage
& Transportation
:
The high levels of wastage in the Indian economy are primarily a result
of the poor storage and transportation infrastructure available in the
country.
MP
shall leverage its central location, to become the redistribution centre
for food items. It shall adopt a focussed approach towards the
development of storage & transportation infrastructure within the
state.
Food
Parks:
Food Parks allow the pooling of infrastructure and facilities such as
sorting, grading, pre-cooling, cold storages, packaging etc across a
number of units. Two food parks have been sanctioned in Nimrani (Distt.
Khargone) and Jaggakhedi (Distt. Mandsaur). Two other such Parks are
proposed, one at Ratlam and the other at Indore.
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